{"id":3454,"date":"2025-07-02T22:09:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T20:09:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cok.hr\/en\/?p=3454"},"modified":"2025-07-07T09:25:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T07:25:34","slug":"liberation-or-enslavement-80-years-after-the-end-of-the-war-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cok.hr\/en\/liberation-or-enslavement-80-years-after-the-end-of-the-war-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Liberation or Enslavement? – 80 Years after the End of the War in Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"

On Tuesday and Wednesday 8\/9 July the Centre for the Renewal of Culture and the Brussels-based New Direction think tank<\/a> are holding a two-day international conference to discuss what the end of the Second World War meant in South-East, Eastern and Central Europe. 8 May 1945 is celebrated as VE \u2013 Victory in Europe – day in the West. But how should the arrival of the Partisans in Zagreb that day be remembered? As Liberation? Or as the start of 45 years of Communist Party oppression? The same question applies in all those countries where in the immediate Post-War period the Communists came to power.<\/p>\n

“Good Old Days of Socialism”<\/h3>\n

Nor is this just a matter for specialist historians or for those obsessed with paying off old grudges. Not a day goes by either in Croatia or other former Communist countries without some display of nostalgia for the \u201cgood old days of socialism\u201d. There are unremitting attempts to glorify or at least excuse the actions of the Party and vilify or obliterate the memories of those who opposed it.<\/p>\n

Monuments to real or imagined events perpetuate the Leftist mythology. A new generation of cultural Marxists proudly embraces an antifascism created by the Party to conceal its true nature. In the countries of the former Yugoslavia, but in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe too, old Party security networks have been put to good use to line the pockets of a post-Communist elite which claims to be best qualified to rule in today\u2019s free and democratic world. A world which their predecessors did nothing to create, and which they in their hearts, too, secretly despise. So, what really happened all those years ago when the Communists took over is relevant to all of us – whether we like it or not.<\/p>\n

Liberation or Enslavement: Exceptional Contribution by Lithuania and Poland<\/h3>\n

The two-day international conference in Zagreb will be addressed by the best historians in their fields on a wide range of topics. Experts will speak about Tito\u2019s (and Stalin\u2019s) personality cult; the organisation and actions of the Yugoslav secret police; the camps and prisons in which political detainees languished; foreign impressions of the Partisans; the persecution of the Church; the Party\u2019s treatment of the Italian and German minorities, and of the Muslims; the special case of Dubrovnik; the Bleiburg massacres, the Kri\u017eni put<\/em>, and the latest evidence about the mass graves in Slovenia and Croatia.<\/p>\n

The discussions will not just be focused on Croatia, or even Yugoslavia. Visiting historians from Lithuania and Poland will speak of the different, but parallel, experiences of their nations after the Soviets and the Communist Party took over. The Lithuanians and Poles have done far more than either Croatia or any of the countries of the former Communist Yugoslavia to explore, explain and publicise that dark past. Their scholarship and their museums are exceptional. We can and should learn from them.<\/p>\n

Entrance to the conference is free<\/strong>. The venue is Hotel Dubrovnik<\/a> in the centre of Zagreb and registrations are available here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Written by: Robin Harris, the President of COK<\/a> and author of Croatia: A History \u2013 From Revolution to Independence<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Conference Agenda<\/h3>\n

Day 1 (Tuesday)<\/h4>\n

5.00 – Opening remarks<\/strong>
\nRobin Harris, president, Center for the Renewal of Culture – COK
\nBranka Lozo, Board member of New Direction<\/p>\n

5.15 Lecture 1<\/strong>
\nWhat the Communist Revolution in Yugoslavia entailed
\n(Robin Harris, COK)<\/p>\n

5.35 Lecture 2<\/strong>
\n“With Tito and Stalin, two heroic sons of the people”: Perception and presentation of “comrade” Stalin and “brotherly” Soviet Union in Croatian\/Yugoslav media and propaganda after the WWII
\n(Mario Jareb, historian, Croatian Institute of History)<\/p>\n

5.55 Lecture 3<\/strong>
\nVOS, OZNA and UDBA \u2013 Communist Secret Police \u2013 in Slovenia, 1941-1990
\n(Igor Omerza, writer – Slovenia)<\/p>\n

6.15 Coffee break<\/strong><\/p>\n

6.30 Lecture 4<\/strong>
\nCommunist-Soviet terror in Lithuania in 1944-1953
\n(Arunas Bubnys, Genocide and resistance research centre of Lithuania)<\/p>\n

6.50 Lecture 5<\/strong>
\nCommunist revolution in post-war Europe. The Polish perspective and experience
\n(Grzegorz Wo\u0142k, Institute of National Remembrance, Poland)<\/p>\n

7.10 Lecture 6<\/strong>
\nConsidering and confronting memories of the communist past
\n(Rasa \u010cepaitien\u0117, Institute of Lithuanian History)<\/p>\n

7.30 Panel discussion: The Reality of Communism<\/strong>
\n(Moderator: Robin Harris, COK)<\/p>\n

Day 2 (Wednesday)<\/h4>\n

10.00 Opening<\/strong><\/p>\n

10.15 Lecture 1<\/strong>
\nEvelyn Waugh and the Partisans
\n(Mario Jareb, historian, Croatian Institute of History)<\/p>\n

10.35 Lecture 2<\/strong>
\nPersecution of the Church in Croatia
\n(Jure Kri\u0161to, historian)<\/p>\n

10.55 Lecture 3<\/strong>
\nLiquidations and terror in Dubrovnik
\n(Robin Harris, COK)<\/p>\n

11.15 Panel discussion: Communist Aims and Methods<\/strong>
\n(Moderator: Hrvoje \u010capo, historian, Croatian Institute of History)<\/p>\n

12.00 LUNCH<\/strong><\/p>\n

13.30 Lecture 4<\/strong>
\nYugoslav state terrorism against the Croatian emigration
\n(Bo\u017ee Vuku\u0161i\u0107, Croatian Way of the Cross Association)<\/p>\n

13.50 Lecture 5<\/strong>
\nCommunist repression of the Islamic community \u2013 Zagreb case study
\n(Zlatko Hasanbegovi\u0107, historian, former Minister of Culture, Ivo Pilar Institute)<\/p>\n

14.10 Lecture 6<\/strong><\/p>\n

The fate of the Italians in Dalmatia and Istria
\n(Marino Manin, historian, Croatian Institute of History)<\/p>\n

14.30 Lecture 7<\/strong>
\nThe Fate of the German Minority in Croatia and Yugoslavia at the End of the Second World War and the Immediate Post-war Period
\n(Vladimir Geiger, historian, Croatian Institute of History)<\/p>\n

14.50 Panel discussion: The Victims of Communism<\/strong>
\n(Moderator: Hrvoje \u010capo, historian, Croatian Institute of History)<\/p>\n

15.15 Coffee break<\/strong><\/p>\n

15.30 Lecture 8<\/strong>
\nLiquidations and mass graves in Slovenia
\n(Mitja Ferenc, historian, Slovenia)<\/p>\n

15.50 Lecture 9<\/strong>
\nThe Consequences of Bleiburg: Mass Graves in the Republic of Croatia
\n(Amir Obho\u0111a\u0161, historian, Croatian State Archives)<\/p>\n

16.10 Lecture 10<\/strong>
\nOZNA repression and persecution in Herzegovina in 1945
\n(Hrvoje Mandi\u0107, historian, University of Zagreb)<\/p>\n

16.30 Lecture 11<\/strong>
\nTwo models of retribution in Europe
\n(Hrvoje \u010capo, historian, Croatian Institute of History)<\/p>\n

16.50 Panel Discussion: Bleiburg and the Way of the Cross<\/strong>
\n(Moderator: Mate \u0106uri\u0107, COK)<\/p>\n

Concluding Remarks<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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